This enzyme is responsible for the dehydration step of the dissociated (type II) fatty-acid biosynthesis system that occurs in plants and bacteria. The enzyme uses fatty acyl thioesters of ACP?in vivo. Different forms of the enzyme may have preferences for substrates with different chain length. For example, the activity of FabZ, the ubiquitous enzyme in bacteria, decreases with increasing chain length. Gram-negative bacteria that produce unsaturated fatty acids, such as?Escherichia coli, have another form (FabA) that prefers intermediate chain length, and also catalyses EC?5.3.3.14,?trans-2-decenoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] isomerase. Despite the differences both forms can catalyse all steps leading to the synthesis of palmitate (C16:0). FabZ, but not FabA, can also accept unsaturated substrates [4].
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A (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = a trans-2-enoyl-[acyl- carrier protein] + H(2)O.
![Example Structure of 3-hydroxyacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] dehydratase EC#: 4.2.1.59](/wp-content/uploads/enzyme-structure/4.2.1.59.jpg)