| Synonyms |
AtXDH1, EC 1.1.1.204, EC 1.2.1.37, More, NAD-xanthine dehydrogenase, PaoABC, Retinol dehydrogenase, Rosy locus protein, VvXDH, xanthine dehydrogenase, xanthine dehydrogenase-1, xanthine dehydrogenase-2, xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase, xanthine oxidoreductase, xanthine-NAD oxidoreductase, xanthine/NAD+ oxidoreductase, xanthine:NAD+ oxidoreductase, XDH, XDH/XO, XDH1, XDH2, XdhC, XOR, YagR, YagS, YagT |
| Comments |
Acts on a variety of purines and aldehydes, including hypoxanthine. The mammalian enzyme can also convert all-trans retinol to all-trans-retinoate, while the substrate is bound to a retinoid-binding protein [14]. The enzyme from eukaryotes contains [2Fe-2S], FAD and a molybdenum centre. The mammallian enzyme predominantly exists as the NAD-dependent dehydrogenase (EC 1.17.1.4). During purification the enzyme is largely converted to an O2-dependent form, xanthine oxidase (EC 1.17.3.2). The conversion can be triggered by several mechanisms, including the oxidation of cysteine thiols to form disulfide bonds [2,6,8,15] [which can be catalysed by EC 1.8.4.7, enzyme-thiol transhydrogenase (glutathione-disulfide) in the presence of glutathione disulfide] or limited proteolysis, which results in irreversible conversion. The conversion can also occur in vivo [2,7,15]. |
